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Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958), known as Lord Robert Cecil from 1868 to 1923,〔As the younger son of a Marquess, Cecil held the courtesy title of "Lord". However, he was not a peer in his own right until he was made a Viscount in 1923, and was thus eligible to sit in the House of Commons between 1906 and 1923.〕 was a lawyer, politician and diplomat in the United Kingdom. He was one of the architects of the League of Nations and a defender of it, whose service to the organisation saw him awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937.
==Early life and legal career==
Cecil was born at Cavendish Square, London, the sixth child and third son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, three times Prime Minister, and Georgina, daughter of Sir Edward Hall Alderson. He was the brother of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, Lord William Cecil, Lord Edward Cecil and Lord Quickswood and the cousin of Arthur Balfour.〔(thepeerage.com Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st and last Viscount Cecil of Chelwood )〕 He was educated at home until he was thirteen and then spent four years at Eton College. He claimed in his autobiography to have enjoyed his home education most. He studied law at University College, Oxford, where he became a well known debater. A first job was as private secretary to his father, when commencing in office as Prime Minister from 1886-88. In 1887, he was admitted as a barrister at the Inner Temple (permitted to practise as a barrister). He was fond of saying that his marriage to Lady Eleanor Lambton, daughter of George Frederick D'Arcy Lambton, 2nd Earl of Durham〔(The peerrage, entry for Viscount Cecil )〕 on 22 January 1889, was the cleverest thing he had ever done.
From 1887 to 1906, Cecil practised civil law, including work in Chancery and parliamentary practice. On 15 June 1899, he took silk as a Queen's Counsel (QC). He also collaborated in writing a book, entitled ''Principles of Commercial Law''. In 1910 he was appointed a member of the General Council of the Bar, and a Bencher of the Inner Temple. He was already a JP when he was raised the following year as Chairman of the Hertfordshire Quarter Sessions.
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